Here is how to do it:
First create a custom field and choose "Media" as the field type. Under options turn off the Automatic Display and set it to none.
In your article under the fields tab select an image from the custom field you just created.
Go to line 40 in the following override:
/html/com_content/category/blog_item.php
and replace
<?php echo JLayoutHelper::render('joomla.content.intro_image', $this->item); ?>
with
<div class="pull-left item-image"><?php foreach($this->item->jcfields as $field): ?>
<?php if($field->type == 'media'): ?>
<?php echo $field->value; ?>
<?php endif; ?>
<?php endforeach; ?></div>
It will now show the image from your custom field as the intro image instead of the default intro image.